90后检察官讲中国检察史（上）

Distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen, welcome to be here!

尊敬的各位来宾，欢迎大家的到来！

I' m Yin Yutong, and we are all young officers from Dongcheng

District People’s Procuratorate of Beijing.

我是今天的主讲人尹雨桐，我们都是来自北京市东城区人民检察院的年轻干警。

Good morning!

大家上午好！

Today, we’d like to share with you “The Endeavour of China’s Procuratorate”.

今天，我们邀您走入“中国检察的奋进之旅：中国特色社会主义检察制度的演进与创新”的课堂。

Through representative artefacts, landmark cases, stories, and practices,

通过具有代表性的检察文物、案例、故事、实践，

you will see the ninety years of development of China’s procuratorial system.

展现中国检察制度90余年的发展历程。

We’ll invite you to step into 4 historical periods.

您将随我步入4段历史时期。

This’s the first one, from 1921 to 1949.

这是第一段历史时期，从1921年到1949年。

Now, follow my colleage’s camera to find the very origins of China’s Procuratorate. Please.

首先，请跟随我们的镜头，了解中国检察事业的光辉起点。请看。

Our story begins with the Chinese Soviet Republic,

一切的开始，要追溯到中华苏维埃共和国——

the first national democratic regime for workers and peasants established by the Communist Party of China.

中国共产党建立的第一个全国性工农民主政权。

In 1931, the Central Worker-Peasant Procuratorial Affairs was established here,

1931年，这里诞生了“中央工农检察人民委员部”，

and we can see that its first independent office was located at this old site.

这处旧址就是工农检察人民委员部第一处独立的办公场所。

Wait a minute, isn't that the Yang Clan Ancestral Hall?

诶？这不是杨氏宗厅嘛？

It's in my hometown, Shazhouba Village in Ruijin, Jiangxi!

就在我的家乡江西瑞金沙洲坝村。

Exactly. The main gate of the Yang Clan Ancestral Hall is also known as “the First Gate of People's Procuratorate,”

没错，杨氏宗厅大门也被称为“人民检察第一门”，

as it has witnessed the birth and development of the procuratorial system in China.

见证了中国检察制度的诞生与发展。

At that time, Procuratrate for Workers and Peasants at all levels established accusation bureaus

当时，各级工农检察机关设立了控告局，

to accepted public accusations against Soviet government and economic organs,

接受群众对苏维埃政府机关和经济机关的控告

and investigated the fact of the accusation.

并调查控告事实。

To collect the feedback of the general public,

为了收集广大群众的意见，

accusation boxes have been set up to facilitate the submission of complaint letters by the public.

设置了控告箱以便大家提交控告信。

If you could look closely at the accusation box, there are few words written around it.

你看控告箱四周写有小字，

To make it understandable for citizens with limited literacy at that time,

为了方便让当时文化水平普遍不高的百姓理解，

it uses straightforward language to tell everyone that everything could be reported.

它用通俗直白的话语告诉大家一切事情都可以控告。

When I was young, my elders told me that the “accusation box” was proposed by He Shuheng,

小时候我听长辈们讲，控告箱是何叔衡提议设立的，

the first People’s Commissar for Worker-Peasant Procuratorial Affairs.

他也是首任工农检察人民委员。

This institution relies on the power of the masses

通过群众的力量

to supervise violations of law and disciplinary like corruption, extravagance, and waste.

来监督贪污腐败、铺张浪费等违法违纪行为。

He Shuheng showed the spirit of a true proletarian revolutionary,

何叔衡发挥无产阶级革命家的风范，

he led by example, went to the grassroots, and investigated at the first hand.

他身体力行、深入基层搞调查。

By day, he worked and talked with the peasants in the fields.

白天和群众在田间地头边干边谈。

By night, he gathered them for meeting,

晚上召集大家座谈。

Bit by bit, he collected and recorded every piece of evidence.

将人证物证一点点收集起来、记录下来。

So, it’s clear that procurators back then placed great importance

看来那个时候的工农检察人员

on listening to public opinion and accepting public supervision.

就非常重视听取民意、接受群众监督了，

They were closely connected to the people.

和人民的联系很紧密。

Right. During the 1930s to 1940s,

说得对。20世纪30、40年代，

the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China established judicial systems across revolutionary base areas,

中共中央在各根据地建设司法系统，

setting up procuratorial agencies in courts.

在法院设置检察机构，

This period saw a well-known case—the Huang Kegong Case.

这一时期办理了一起很有名的案子——黄克功案。

Everyone is equal before the law，

法律面前人人平等，

regardless of past merits or accomplishments, no one is above the law.

无论曾作出过怎样的功绩，都不能逾越法律的底线。

The handling of this case fully demonstrated the seriousness, democracy and equality of the legal system,

此案的办理充分体现了法制的严肃性、民主性和平等精神，

and had a profound impact on the China’s legal system construction and judicial practice.

对新中国成立后的法律制度建设和司法实践产生了深远的影响。

Moreover, during this period, various regions adhered to the people-oriented principle

此外，这一时期，很多地区坚持以人民为本，

and carried out some institutional explorations in procuratorial work,

对检察工作进行了一些制度性的探索，

such as proposing the establishment of the procuratorial committees at all levels

比如提出建立各级检察委员会、

and the election of prosecutors by People’s Congress,

检察官由人民代表大会选举产生等，

providing valuable historical experience for establishing China’s procuratorial system.

为新中国检察制度的建立提供了宝贵的历史经验。

Thank you. From the very beginning,

谢谢。在中国检察制度的初创时期，

the China's procuratorial system has distinctly shown its fundamental characteristics: from the people, for the people, and by the people.

就体现出检察来自人民、为了人民、依靠人民的鲜明特征。

On 1 October 1949, the People’s Republic of China was founded.

1949年10月1日，中华人民共和国正式宣告成立

This’s our second period, from 1949 to 1978.

这是第二段历史时期，从1949年到1978年。

On 22 October, the Supreme People’s Procuratorate was formally established.

10月22日，最高人民检察署正式成立。

Luo Ronghuan served as General Procurator.

罗荣桓担任最高人民检察署检察长。

He led Li Liuru, Lan Gongwu, and others to draft China’s first dedicated regulation on the procuratorial system—

他带领李六如、蓝公武等人，制定了新中国关于检察制度的第一个单行法规——

the Provisional Regulations on the Organisation of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate of the Central People’s Government.

《中央人民政府最高人民检察署试行组织条例》，

This laid the cornerstone of the socialist procuratorial cause.

打下了社会主义检察事业的第一块基石。

As early as the founding of the People’s Republic,

在中华人民共和国成立之初，

the Chinese procuratorial organs focused on key categories of crime such as embezzlement,

中国检察机关就注重打击贪污等重点类型犯罪，

handled the very first major corruption case of New China — the Liu Qingshan and Zhang Zishan case.

侦诉了新中国第一贪腐大案：刘青山、张子善案。

Both men had once made outstanding contributions in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and in the War of Liberation.

此二人在抗日战争和解放战争中都曾立下卓越贡献.

But in time of peace, they grew arrogant on their merits, slid into corruption.

但却在和平年代居功自傲、腐化堕落、

They abused their power for private gains.

以权谋私。

The public funds they embezzled, at the time, could buy twenty million jin of grain and eight million Chinese feet of cotton cloth —

其贪污公款在当时可买2000万斤粮食，800万尺棉布，

enough food and clothing for more than half a million people, for an entire month.

足够50多万人一个月的口粮并做一身衣服。

The Hebei Province People’s Procuratorate prosecuted the case.

后河北省人民检察署对刘青山、张子善依法提起公诉。

The court made a ruling on the spot. Both men were sentenced to death.

法庭当场宣判处以其二人死刑。

Two months later, New China issued its first dedicated anti-corruption law —

两个月后，新中国出台第一部专门惩治贪腐法规——

the Ordinance on the Punishment of Embezzlement of the People’s Republic of China.

《中华人民共和国惩治贪污条例》。

By cracking down criminal activities in accordance with the law,

通过依法打击刑事犯罪，

the procuratorates took an active role in defending state power, protecting the rights of the people, and upholding the unity of the legal order.

检察机关在保卫国家政权、保障人民权利、维护法制统一中发挥了积极作用。

In 1954, the first Constitution of the People’s Republic of China was adopted.

1954年，第一部《中华人民共和国宪法》诞生。

It confirmed the constitutional status of the procuratorate.

明确了检察机关的宪法地位。

At the same time, the Organic Law of the People’s Procuratorates was enacted,

同时，颁布了人民检察院组织法，

setting out its structure and duties.

系统地规定了人民检察院的设置、职权等。

Together, these two laws renamed the “People’s Procuratorate Office” as the “People’s Procuratorate.”

两部法律将“人民检察署”更名为“人民检察院”，

This marked the formation of the “the government and the judiciary” system under the National People’s Congress,

标志着中国人民代表大会制度下“一府两院”国家机构体制正式形成，

and opened a new chapter in the history of the procuratorates.

中国检察事业翻开了新的篇章。

Today, in sharing with you the history of our system,

今天，我们向各位来宾分享中国检察的发展历史，

we open not only a window for display,

不仅是打开一扇展示的窗口，

but also a bridge for dialogue.

更是希望搭建一座沟通的桥梁。

Though we come from different nations and diverse legal traditions,

虽然我们来自不同的国家，有着不同的法律体系，

fairness and justice remain our common language;

但公平正义是我们共同的语言，

the pursuit of an ideal society remains our shared conviction.

追寻理想社会是我们相通的信念。

Let us stride forward together; let us learn from one another;

让我们携手共进，

and in that spirit of exchange,

在交流互鉴中，

let us help build a world more just, more fair, more radiant with the rule of law.

为建设更加公正、美好的法治世界贡献力量！

Thank you!

谢谢大家！